Illuminated globe



Nov. 11 1924.

A. S. ALEXANDER ILLUMINATED GLOBE 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed June 25 1924 XATTORNEY Nov. 11 1924.

A. S. ALEXANDER ILLUMINATED GLOBE Fil June 25 1924 4 Sheets-Sheet 2ATTORNEY Nov. 11 1924' A. S. ALEXANDER ILLUMINATED GLOBE Filed Ju e 251924 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 \\\\/6 \\1 INVENTOR H 5 fllerander Patented Nov.11, 1924.

UNITED STATES PATENT crates-- ALEXAN'DEB S. ALEXANDER, 01' m ROCHELLE,NEW YC DHI.

ILLUKINA'IKD 7 GLOBE.

Application fled June 25, 1924. Serial Io. 788,887.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known,that I, ALEXANDER S. ALEX- ANDER, a citizen of the UnitedStates, and a resident of New Rochelle, in the county of Westchester andState of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvenightconditions on any partof the globe at any season of the year.

The phenomena relating to the variation of day and night during theseasons of the year are not capable of ready demonstration by means ofan ordinary solid globe. For on to try to study from such globes thesevariations a great many manipulations of the globe are necessary, andthe procem becomes very tedious and confusing even to one making thestudy for his own benefit. It is much more difiicult to instruct others.

Furthermore such a globe must be of considerable size in order that themaps may be at a conveniently large scale, and this makes it impossiblefor an observer to see an entire hemisphere from one observation point.In fact only a small portion of the area, which can be seen by the eye,appears at all definitely. The fringes of the area recede so as to makethese portions of the map indistinguishable.

The present invention, however, provides a globe, preferable made oftranslucent material. with suitable supporting devices, inclosedelectric lamp and adjustable shadowproducing devices so that any desiredcondition may be reproduced very easily. The structures which formillustrative embodiments of the present invention have been designedwith .a view of providing a globe with the suitable accessories and toso ar range the parts that the completed article is portable andornamental. It will therefore be found to be both useful and ornamental,and is suitable for school rooms, ornamental lighting as in club rooms,or for advertising purposes."

In the accompanyin drawin there is shown for pu oses 0 illustrating theinventlon, two 0 the many possible embodiments in which the presentinvention may take form, it being understood that the,

drawings are merely illustrative of the invention which-is not limitedto the details shown.

In these drawings:

Fig. 1 is a sectional view through one embodiment of the invention,showing the parts 1n one position;

Fig. 1 is a fragmentary sectional view showing the parts in a differentposition;

Fig. 2 is a section on the broken lines 2-2 of Fig. 1 showing parts inelevation;

Fig. 3 is a sectional view on the line 33 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a top view showing a portion tion of the globe;

Fig. 5 is a side elevation of the device shown in Figs. 1 to 4inclusive;

Fig. 6 is a vertical sectional view through another form of theinvention taken on the line 6-6 of Fig. 7 and showing parts inelevation;

Fig. 7 is an elevational view taken from the:1 left of Fig. 6 showingparts in section; an

Fig. 8 is a fragmentary sectional view in the plane of line 8-8 of Fig.6.

The form of invention illustrated in Figs. 1 to fi'inclusive is providedwith a translucent glob 10 made of glass, mica or the like on which ispainted, molded or otherwise inserted or applied by decalcomania orother processes a representation or ma of the earths surface. As hereshown, t is globe is supported from an arm 11 which is rotatable on thetop of-a base or sup rt 12, the axis of the globe being plac angle of 23with the vertical.

The outer end 13 of the arm 11 is recessed as at 14 and a tubular member15 is suitably fastened to the arm as for example by threads as shown. Alobe su porting member 16 is carried on t e outsi e of the tube 15 andis provided with an arm 17 and an external ring 18 which extends beyondthe W lever and. 19 of the globe. A supat an porting ring 20 is fastenedto the ring 18 so as to provide a member extending through the open endof the globe. The globe supporting member 16 is freely mounted on thetube 15 and a milled ring 21 is preferably provided to facilitateturning the globe supporting ring and the globe. A frame work 22 issuitably fastened to the upper end of the tube 15, a convenientarrangement being shown in the form of an apertured foot 23 threaded onto the outside of the tube 15, so as to rigidly support it from the arm11. This frame work 22 preferably includes a harp 22' which extendsrearwardly as shown where it passes behind a lamp and shield to bedescribed. The upper end 24 of the harp 22 is forwardly bent as shownand is preferably provided with a threaded stud 25 which extendsoutwardly. The globe has an upper hole 26 somewhat larger than stud 26and a bushing 26 is interposed as shown. An ornamental nut 27 isthreaded on to the stud 25 and holds the globe in place. The nutpreferably has wings or extensions 28 which extend on to the top of theglobe. The structure so far described provides a convenient mounting forthe globe and permits it to be readily turned about its polar axis.

The central portion of the harp 22" is slotted as shown at 29, Fig. 1,and another part of the frame work, in the form of a U-shaped member 30,is fastened to the harp by means of screws 31 passing through the slots29. The sides 32 and 33 of the U- shaped member are spaced sufficientlyto accommodate an electric lamp 34 and a portion 35 of an interposedshield.

As here shown the shield has'parallel side walls 36 and 37 which arepivotally mounted on the ends 38 of the U. A convenient way of mountingthese is to pass a bolt 39 through the side wall 36 and the end 38 ofthe U and attach a nut 40 to the outer end of the bolt. To the rear ofthe lamp the shield is provided with a back portion 41 which is fastenedto the side walls in any convenient manner. The side and back walls ofthe shield are fastened in any suitable manner to a flat plate 42 whichextends nearly tothe upper end 24 of the frame work. Wings or flaps 43and 44 are hinged to the lateral edges 45 and 46 of the plate 42 in sucha manner that they may be folded from the full line position of Fig. 3to the dotted line position. Stops 47 are provided on the back side ofthe wings 43 and 44 to limit the outward movement of the wings. Thesewings together with the plate 42 of the shield form a circular shieldwhich is adapted to extend substantially across the interior of theglobe. When the wings or flaps 43 and 44 are in the dotted line positionas indicated in Fig. 3 the glass globe may be passed, downwardly overthe folded shield into position and subsequently the wings are separatedby inserting the fingers up through the holes 59 in the supportingmember 16.

The lamp socket 48 may be mounted in the lower portion of the shield inthe manner shown so as to bring the center of the lamp at approximatelythe center line of the pivot studs 39. In this manner the outer portionof the filament is approximately in the plane of the shield and theshield is caused to cast a circular shadow on to the globe.

Suitable mechanism is also provided for tilting the screen so as to varyits position about the pivotal mounting 39. As here shown, the lower endof the shield is provided with straps 50 and 51 which are fastened tothe upper side of a circular rack 52. This rack is in mesh with a pinion53 fixed with the upper end of a shaft .54 mounted inside a tube 55which is fastened in the apertured foot 23 of the frame work. The shaft54 extends down through the lower end of the supporting arm 11 and isprovided with a milled head 56 so that one may easily turn the shaft andthereby tilt the lamp and shield in any position as indicated by thedotted line positions in Fig. 1. In this manner one is able to vary theposition of the shadow in accordance with the variation of shadow castby the sun on the earth during the change in the seasons. The globe maybe turned to illustrate the variation of day and night in accordancewith the seasons.

In order to Visually indicate the month corresponding with the positionof the shadow one may provide a scale such as indicated at 57 in Fig. 4,which may be painted on the glass if desired. This scale will becalibrated according to the position of the earths shadow at the variousseasons and appropriate marks made on the glass. When the shadowproducing shield 42 is in the dotted line position to the right of Fig.1 the north frigid zone of the globe will be in darkness. As the shield42- is shifted toward the full line position, the shadow producedbecomes narrower, that is, a smaller circular area near the pole is atall times in the shadow during the turning of the globe 011 its axis. Asthe shield is further shifted, as for example, toward the left dottedline position of Fig. 1 the pole will be illuminated at all'times. Theright hand position of the plate corresponds with the winter solsticeand the extreme left hand position of the plate with the summersolstice.

According to the form of invention shown in Figs. 6, 7, and 8, the globe10 is in two parts 60 and 60", a double flanged ring 61 holding themtogether at the center. The lower half 60 of the globe is carried on a.ring 62 supported on a ball bearing in the upper end of a hollowstandard 63. This standard is here shown as being supported on thetranslucent globe I part of the ring 1s provided with an extension 69which passes up through the bushing 70 carried in an aperture in theupper part 60" of the globe. A small milled nut .71 threaded on theupper end of the extension holds the parts in place. The rin 68 is alsoprovided with a central boss 72 rom which is suitably mounted aninwardly extending lamp socket 73 which is adapted to carry a lamp 74,as shown. Supply wires for the lamp extend from the base 64, the top 65and pass alongside of the ring 68 and through the hole 75 in the socketmounting.

A ring 76 is supported from the boss 72 and the diametrically oppositepoint 78 of the ring 68. This ring is located in the equa torial belt ofthe globe and is provided for the purpose of pivotally supporting aninterior shield 79. This shield is in the form of a hemispherical metalstamping which is.

supported on pins 80 projecting from the equatorial ring 76. Thisstamping is slotted as shown at 81 in orderito accommodate thesupportfor the socket 73,- and is provided with an arcuate circular rack 82interengageable with a pinion 83 carried on a shaft 84 which passesthrough the extension 69. The upper end of this shaft 84 is providedwith a button 85 by whigl one may readily adjust the osition of theshield; turning it back and orth on the axes of the pins 80 as indicatedin dotted lines. A plate 86 is here shown as being fixed to theextension 69 and this ringis rovided with the signs of the zodiac and te month and day indication of the shadow position. The drawing showsone-half of the calendar marking and zodiac signs on the front side ofthe plate 86; it is contemplated that the other. half of these markingswould be placed on the other side of the plate. A screen 87 is attachedto the rin 68 and is long enough to obstruct the hght which wouldotherwise pass from the lamp 74 through the slot 81 in thehemispherical.

shield. V

The invention has been shown as applied to a terrestrial globe but itcan also be applied to the celestial globe as well. The device can serveto illustrate siderial movement as well as the diurnal motion. The globewith its adjustment is also applicable to lamps which are suspended invarious ways insteiad of being supported by a base or stan I claim:

1. In combination, a translucent globe, I mountings for the globe topermit it to be producing a shadow on p supported inside the globe andindependent of the rotatable mountings for the globe, and a shieldinside the globe for producing a shadow on approximately one half theglobe.

3. In combination, a translucent globe, mountings for the globe topermit it tobe revolved on a polar axis, an electric lamp supportedinside the globe, a shield inside the globe for producing'a shadow onapproximately one half the globe, and means for varying the position ofthe shield to reproduce seasonal variations of the shadow.

4. In combination, a translucent globe, mountings for the globe topermit it to be revolved on a polar axis, an electric lamp supportedinside the globe, a shield inside the globe for producing a shadow onapproxlmately one half the globe, and an externally accessible devicefor varying the position of the shield to reproduce seasonal variationsof the shadow.

5. In combination, a translucent globe, mountings for the globe topermit it to be revolved on a polar axis, an electric lamp supportedinside the globe and independent of the rotatable mountings for theglobe, a shield inside the globe for producing a shadow on approximatelyone half the globe, and an externally accessible device for varying theposition of the shield to reproduce seasonal variations of the shadow.

6. In combination, a translucent globe, mountings for the globe topermit it to be revolved on a polar axis, an electric lamp supportedinside the globe, a shield'inside the globe for producing a shadow onapproximately one half the globe, a rack carried by the shield, and acooperable pinion provided with an operating handle outside the globefor varying the position of the shield.

7. In combination, a translucent globe,

mountings for'the-globe 'to permit it to be revolved on a polar axis, anelectric lamp supported inside the globe, a shield inside the globe forproducing a shadow on approximately one half the globe, a rack carried bthe shield, and a cooperable pinion provi ed with an operating handleoutside the globe for varying the position of the shield, the pinionshaft being in the polar axis of the globe.

8. In combination, a translucent globe, mountings for the globe topermit it to be III \ axis, a shield inside the revolved on a polaraxis, an electric lamp supported inside the globe and independent of therotatable mountings for the globe, a shield inside the globe forproducing a shadow on approximately one half the globe, a rack carriedby the shield, and a cooperable pinion provided with an oper-- atinghandle outside the globe for varying and means for varying'the positionof the shield to reproduce seasonal variations of the shadow.

11. In combination, a translucent globe, an,electric lamp supportedinside the globe, the mountings for the globe and lamp permittingrelative movement about a polar axis, a shield inside the globe forproducing a shadow on substantiall one half the globe, and an externallyaccessible device for varying the position of the shield to reproduceseasonal variations of the shadow.

12. In combination, a translucent globe,

an electric lamp supported inside the globe,

the mountings for the globe and lamp permitting relative movement abouta polar lobe for producing a shadow on substantially one half the globe,a rack carried by the shield, and a cooperable pinion provided with anoperating handle outside the globe for varying the position of theshield.

13. In combination, a supporting base, a translucent 'lobe rotatablymounted at the top thereof, a framework inside the globe and carriedfrom the base, an extension from the top of the framework passingthrough the upper pole of the globe, a lamp carried by the frame, and ashield pivotally mounted on the frame about an equatorial axis forproducing a shadow on approximate-1y one half the globe.

14. In combination, a supporting base, a translucent globe rotatablymounted at the top thereof, a framework inside the globe and carriedfrom the base, an extension from the top of the framework passingthrough the upper pole of the globe, a lamp carried by the frame, ashield pivotally mounted on the frame about an equatorial axis forproducin a shadow on approximately one half the gobe, and an externallyaccessible device for varying the position of the shield to reproduceseasonal variations of the shadow.

15. In combination, a supporting base, a translucent globe rotatablymounted at the top thereof, a framework inside the globe and carriedfrom the base, an extension from the top of the framework passingthrough the upper pole of the globe, a lamp carried by the frame, ashield pivotally mounted on the frame about an equatorial axis forproducing a shadow on approximately one half the globe, a rack carriedby .the shield, and a cooperable pinion provided with an operatinghandle outside the globe for varying the position of the shield.

16. In combination, a supporting base, a translucent globe rotatablymounted at the top thereof, a framework inside the globe and carriedfrom the base, an extension from the top of the framework passingthrough the upper pole of the globe, a lamp carried by the frame, ashield pivotally mounted on the frame about an equatorial axis forproducing a shadow on approximately one half the globe, a rack carriedby the shield, and a cooperable pinion mounted on a shaft passingthrough said extension from the framework whereby the position of theshield may be varied to reproduce seasonal variations of the shadow.

17. In combination, a translucent globe,

mountings for the globe to permit it to be revolved on a polar axis, anelectric lamp supported inside the globe, a shield inside the globe forproducing a shadow on approximately one half the globe, means forvarying the position of the shield to reproduce seasonal variations ofthe shadow, and

indicating means to show the season corresponding with the shadow.

18. In combination, a translucent globe, an electric lamp supportedinside the globe, the mountings for the globe and lamp permittingrelative movement about a polar axis, a shield inside the globe forproducing a shadow on substantially one half the globe, means forvarying the position of the shield to reproduce seasonal variations ofthe shadow, and indicating means to'show the season corresponding withthe shadow.

19. In combination, a supporting base, a translucent globe rotatablymounted at the top thereof, a framework inside the globe and carriedfrom the base, an extension from the top of the framework passingthrough the upper pole of the globe, a lamp carried by the frame, ashield pivotally mounted on the frame about an equatorial axis forproducing a shadow on approximately one half the globe, an externallyaccessible device for varying the position of the shield to reproduceseasonal variations of the shadow, and indicating means to show theseason corresponding with the shadow.

20. In combination, a supporting base, a

translucent globe rotatably mounted at the top thereof, a frameworkinside the globe and carried from the base, an extension from the top ofthe framework passing through the upper pole of the globe, a lampcarried by the frame, a shield pivotally mounted on the frame about anequatorial axis for producing a shadow on approximately one half theglobe, an externally accessible device for varying the position of theshieldto reproduce seasonal variations of the shadow, and

indicating means to show the season corresponding with the shadow, saidmeans being supported on said extension.

21. In combination, a supporting base, a translucent globe rotatablymounted at the top thereof, a framework inside the globe and carriedfrom the base, an extension from the top of the framework passingthrough the upper pole of the globe, a lamp carried by the frame, ashield pivotally mounted on the frame about an equatorial axis forproducing a shadow on approximately one half the globe, a rack carriedby the shield, a cooperable pinion mounted on a shaft passing throughsaid extension from the framework whereby the position of the shield maybe varied to reproduce seasonal variations of the shadow, and indicatingmeans to show the season corresponding with the shadow, said means beingsupported on said exten- S1011.

22. In combination, a supporting base, a two part translucent globerotatably mounted at the top thereof, a circular ring carried by theupper part of the base and having an extension passing through the upperpole of the globe, a lamp rigidly mounted in the ring, an equatorialring carried by the first ring, and a shield pivotally mounted in theequatorial ring and adapted to produce a shadow on approximately onehalf the globe.

23. In combination, a supporting base, a two part translucent globerotatably mounted at the top thereof, a circular ring carried by theupper part of the base and having an extension passing through the upperpole of the globe, a lamp rigidly mounted. in the ring, an equatorialring carried by the first ring, a shield pivotally mounted in theequatorial ring and adapted to produce a shadow on approximately onehalf the globe, a rack carried by the shield, and a cooperable pinionmounted on a shaft passing through said extension from the frameworkwhereby the position of the shield may be varied to reproduce seasonalvariations of the shadow.

24. 'In combination, a supporting base, a two part translucent globerotatably mounted at the top thereof, a circular ring carried by theupper part of the base and having an extension passing through the upperpole of the globe, a lamp rigidly mounted in'the' ring, an equatorialring carried by the first ring, a shield pivotally mounted in theequatorial ring and adapted to produce a shadow on approximately onehalf the globe, and means for varying the osition of the shield toreproduce seasona variations of the shadow.

25. In combination, a supporting base, a two part translucent globerotatably mounted at the top thereof, a circular rin carried by theupper part of the base an having an extension passing through the upperpole of the globe, a lamp rigidly mounted in the ring, an equatorialring carried by the first ring, a shield pivotally mounted in theequatorial ring and adapted to produce a shadow on approximately onehalf the globe, means for varying the osition of the shield to reproduceseasona variations of the shadow, the shield being slotted toaccommodate the lamp mounting, and a covering strip carried by the firstcircular ring for covering the slot in the shield.v

26. In combination, a supporting base, a two part translucent globerotatably mounted at the top thereof, a circular rin carried by theupper part of the base an having an extension passing through the upperpole of the globe, a lamp rigidly mounted in the ring, an equatorialring carried by the first ring, a shield pivotally mounted in theequatorial ring and adapted to produce a shadow on approximately onehalf the globe, means for varying the position of the shield toreproduce seasonal variations of the shadow, and indicating means toshow the season corresponding with the shadow.

27. In combination, a supporting base, a two part translucent globerotatably mounted at the top thereof, a circular rin carried by theupper part of the base an having an extension passing through the upperpole of the globe, a lamp rigidly mounted in the ring, an equatorialring carried by the first ring, a shield pivotally mounted in theequatorial ring and adapted to produce a shadow on approximately onehalf the globe, a rack carried by the shield, a cooperable pinionmounted on a shaft passing throu h said extension from the frameworkwhere y the position of the shield may be varied to reproduce seasonalvariations of the shadow, and indicating means to show the seasoncorresponding with the shadow, said means being supportedon saidextension.

28. In combination, a supporting base, a two part translucent globerotatably mounted at the top thereof, a circular rin carried by theupper part of the base an having an extension passing through the upperpole of the globe, a lamp rigidly mounted in the ring, an equatorialring carried by the first ring, a shield pivotally mounted in theequatorial ring and adapted to produce a shadow on approximately onehalf the globe, a rack carried by the shield, a cooperable pinionmounted on a shaft passing through said extension from the frameworkwhereby the position of the shield may be varied to reproduce seasonalvariations of the shadow, indicating means to show the seasoncorresponding with the shadow, said means being supported on saidextension, the shield being slotted to accommodate the lamp mounting,and a covering strip carried by the first circular ring for covering theslot in the shield. 10 Signed at New York city in the county of New Yorkand State of New York this 23rd day of June 1924.

ALEXANDER s. ALEXANDER.

